Printing equipment and equipment industry 1.1

Printing equipment and equipment, including a variety of prepress, printing, finishing machinery, apparatus, printing paper, ink, plate-making photosensitive materials and plates, as well as book printing and finishing materials. Printing equipment and equipment are the material basis for the development of the printing industry. It is impossible for us to establish our own strong printing industry without perfecting our own powerful printing equipment and equipment industry as pillars. This is an important lesson given by history.

Since the opium war in 1840 made China a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country, with the entry of Western culture, the modern printing industry slowly developed in China. Westerners print in China is driven by their political, economic, and cultural interests. Similarly, it is in their economic interest to sell print equipment and equipment produced in Western countries to China. Although many people in China advocate the development of their own national printing machinery and printing equipment industry, under the conditions of economic poverty and scientific and technological backwardness, the Chinese have fought for this good wish for more than a century until this century. In the 1930s and 1940s, there was only a little bit of printing machinery, low-grade printing paper, and ink manufacturing. However, advanced printing equipment and equipment such as plate-making photographic materials, photoengraving machines, and automatic lithography machines are still blank.

Section 1 Printing Machinery Manufacturing

The great development of printing machinery industry> I. The great development of printing machinery industry in contemporary China

Although China in the 1940s had a little bit of printing machinery manufacturing industry, the scale was very small. Most of them were private repair factories. The production methods were quite backward, there was no formal research and development of new product design, and there was no certain dominant product. In 1949, the annual output of printing machinery in the country was only 47 tons. After the Central Government implemented the "two-legged" development guideline for the printing machinery industry, the first was to implement private-public partnerships with small-scale and scattered private manufacturers, and the second was to establish large-scale state-run printing machinery backbone enterprises for the future of China's printing machinery industry. The foundation for the development has been laid. After several major developments in the late 1990s, the printing machinery industry in China has formed a relatively complete industrial system. There are more than 400 various types of printing machinery manufacturers, including more than 50 fixed-point manufacturers in the Ministry of Machinery Industry.

1. Public-private partnership in 1956

The year 1956 was a year when public-private partnerships for private industry and commerce entered a climax. After public-private partnerships, the number of manufacturers has decreased, but the total production capacity has increased.

At the end of 1956, privately owned factories such as Shanghai Private Great Machine Factory, Shi Yongtai Machinery Factory, Jingcheng Machinery Factory, Baoshun Machinery Factory, and Hexing Casting Factory merged to form a public-private joint venture Sinosteel Machine Factory after a public-private partnership. Among them, Jingcheng Machinery Factory produced the first LB401 type four-page wide web newspaper press in China in 1952.

In May 1956, Quantai Machinery Factory, New Machinery Factory, Xie Shunxing Tiepu merged with Fengchong Factory, and was renamed as Public-Private Partnership and Fung Yong Printing Press Materials Manufacturing Plant. The leading product of the factory, the "China" brand caster, has constantly improved its output and quality.

After Shanghai Jianye Yihua Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd. implemented a public-private partnership, it was renamed Public-Private Partnership Construction Yihua Machinery Factory. The plant developed from the production platform gravure printing press and "Lulin Machine" to the production of DL104A full-sheet two-rotation letterpress printing presses. In 1956, the KT-01 type stitching stapler, which was urgently needed by the printing industry, was trial-produced.

In 1956, China’s Yangtze Machine Factory implemented a public-private partnership with 38 employees throughout the factory. It was engaged in the repair and manufacturing of hand-off paper offset presses, folio cutting machines, and grain mills.

Wannian Machinery Factory was a public-private partnership in 1956. It had 28 employees and mainly produced hand-operated electric casters.

The Kenshin Machine Factory was a public-private partnership in 1956. It had 73 employees and 45 metal cutting machine tools. It mainly produced off-type, four-lead type printers, paper cutters, disc machines, and staplers.

After the public-private partnership in 1956, Ruitai Machinery Factory merged into small factories with 59 employees and specialized in the production of paper cutters.

After the public-private partnership in 1956, the Dechang Machinery Factory also merged into several small factories with 54 employees, producing disc machines and square Box machines.

In addition to Shanghai, the same is true of other cities. In March 1956, on the basis of the private Xinguang Iron Factory in Changchun City, 18 private small-scale factories merged to form a public-private joint venture Changchun Xinguang Printing Machinery Factory, which was engaged in the production of casters, electric bronzing machines and paper cutting machines.

In December 1956, Harbin City collected personnel and equipment from eight small plants, including public-private cooperative farm implements, automobile gear plants, Heli Power Plant, water pump plant, and Songhuajiang Agricultural Machinery Plant, and established a public-private joint venture Harbin Printing Machinery Repair Factory. People, 13 production equipment, mainly repair and production of four open, off the lead printer.

2. Establish a state-owned printing machinery backbone enterprise

(1) Shanghai People's Machine Factory.

In May 1949, the Shanghai Military Regulatory Commission received the Central Government Printing Plant of the Nationalist Government and changed its name to Shanghai People's Printing Factory. The printing equipment used by the Nationalist Government is basically imported equipment. In order to facilitate production, the banknote printing plant has a printing machinery maintenance department with certain repair capabilities. After the takeover, its mechanical maintenance department merged with the machine repair department of the People's Bank Mint to establish the Shanghai People's Printing Factory Tiegong Branch. At that time, there were 63 employees, mainly producing press accessories and accessories, and maintaining printers. In 1954, the Shanghai People's Printing Plant Tiegong Branch and the People's Bank of China Shanghai Branch smelter and set up a state-owned 614 factory. The original machine construction business of the Tiegong Branch was independent and was called the Shanghai People's Iron Factory.

In 1958, the Shanghai People’s Iron Factory merged with the Sino-Steel Machine Plant, a public-private partnership established after the public-private partnership in 1956, and was renamed the State-owned Shanghai People’s Machine Factory, which is part of the Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Industry Bureau General Machinery Company. In November 1961, the state-owned Shanghai Hongqi foundry ironworks workshop was incorporated into the Shanghai Renmin Machinery Factory and was selected as the new site of Shanghai Renmin Machinery Factory. There were 1,064 employees at the time.

(2) Beijing People's Machine Factory.

In 1952, the Beijing Municipal Government merged 22 ironworks such as Lianhua, Public Welfare, Jianguo, Kenshin, Hongxing, Zhenhua, Guodu, etc. according to the "Decision on Uniformly Handling the Production of Institutions" of the State Council. The name was Beijing People's Machine Factory. The General Factory is affiliated to the Beijing Public Enterprise Company. At that time, there were 874 employees, mainly producing 189 sets of equipment, producing civil engineering machinery, papermaking equipment, etc., as well as printing machinery. In September 1953, Beijing transferred the factory to the head of the First Machinery Industry Administration of the Ministry of Heavy Industry and changed its name to Beijing People's Machine Factory. In March 1956, the Ministry of Machinery Industry approved the reorganization of the Beijing People’s Machine Factory into a printing machinery manufacturing factory and the transfer of printing machinery. In 1957, the state invested in a new factory outside the Guangqumen Gate and moved into a new factory in 1958 (Figure 25-1).

By the mid-1960s, besides dozens of small and medium-sized printing machinery factories, there were Beijing People’s Machinery Factory in North China and Shanghai People’s Machine Factory in the South, forming two large-scale printing machinery enterprises in North and South China.

3. The development of printing machinery in the early stage of the "Cultural Revolution"

The "Cultural Revolution" launched in 1966 placed the printing of Mao Zedong on the top of everything. Almost all books and print shops are printing "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", even county printing houses are printing "Quotations from Chairman Mao", and color printing is mainly used to print portraits of Chairman Mao. At that time, the country’s printing production capacity was far from being able to complete such printing tasks. On March 5-12, 1967, the National Planning Commission, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, the Ministry of Textile Industry, and the Chairman of the Central Printing Committee Chairman Mao worked together to convene the participation of the provincial and municipal governments (branches) and nearly 70 factories. In order to increase the production of 7,000 tons on the basis of the country’s original plan to produce 12,000 tons of printing machinery, the "production increase Chairman Mao made an urgent meeting for the necessary printing machinery." For this purpose, one-sixth of the printing machinery production tasks will be completed in textile machinery, mining machinery, general machinery and automobile manufacturing plants.

From February 26th to March 14th, 1968, the State Development Planning Commission, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry and other units jointly held the "Mao Chairman's Work Conference on Printing Machinery Planning" and decided to build a new Shaanxi Printing Machinery Plant and a Sichuan (or Zhongnan) Printing Machinery. Factory (the later Hunan Printing Machinery Factory), Xianyang Casting Machinery Factory. In addition, it also expanded Shanxi Taihang Printing Machinery Factory, Gansu Pingliang Machinery Factory, Xinshao Printing Machinery Factory, Sichuan Yibin Machinery Factory, Chongqing Printing Machinery Factory, and Henan Shangqiu Printing Machinery Factory. The planned annual output of printing machinery in these two or three years will reach 20,000 tons, which can basically ease the contradiction between the production and demand of printing machinery.

After five or six years, printing machinery companies have grown from 30 to 50. The number of employees has increased from 8014 in 1965 to 24077 in 1975. From 1966 to 1976, a total of 62,694 printing machinery products were produced, with a total output of 114,049 tons, which was equivalent to 4.5 times the total output of 25,062 tons from 1949 to 1965.

The "Cultural Revolution" is a political disaster in China's contemporary history. Its losses to the industrial and agricultural production, science, culture, and education of the society are incalculable. However, for the development of China's printing machinery manufacturing industry, it has indeed played a catalytic role. The problem lies in the fact that the printing industry is a huge industrial system, and the driving force behind the development of the printing machinery industry is not the need for a balanced development of the printing industry itself, but to meet the need for super-majority printing Mao Zedong's production. Therefore, the focus is mainly on a large number of production-enhancing printing machines, while ignoring the supporting development of cast-type typesetting production capabilities. On the other hand, due to the civil unrest in the "Cultural Revolution", when developing the printing machinery products, the international advanced technology was not used as the reference object, and most of the products were produced in the 1950s and 1960s. When the world has already bid farewell to "lead and fire" and uses a large number of phototypes, China's typesetting capabilities are still lagging far behind the ability to print. When the international version has been widely used in parallel printing, China is still mass producing leadprint machines. As for other printing equipment, some are still blank.

4. Development of 28 new products for printing machinery

The printing machinery industry is indeed developing, but China's printing industry is still quite backward. This seems contradictory, but it is a fact. Gu Mu, the deputy premier of the State Council, after investigating and researching on the report on the implementation of arrangements for the printing technology transformation problems on December 10, 1973, pointed out that the printing volume of most books, newspapers, magazines, and other publications is increasing, and printing Technological backwardness, printing quality, printing speed, publication