Printing Education and Research 1.4

Section 4 Printing Professional Teaching Materials

Teaching materials are the carrier for teachers to impart knowledge to students and the basis for running a school. Although printing technology has a long history, but for a long time the teaching of printing technology is mainly used in the production practice of oral communication between mentoring, classroom teaching methods are not universal, and thus as the main tool for classroom teaching, teaching material has not formed There is no profound accumulation of a complete system. Before the 1980s, although there were technical schools, technical secondary schools, and colleges and universities in the printing profession, the printed textbooks were basically in a state of decentralization.

In August 1982, the Bureau of Publication Administration of the Ministry of Culture held a professional teaching seminar in the National Printing Technical School in Shijiazhuang, implementing the task of writing professional textbooks. This is the first time that printing professional textbooks have been published and published in a unified plan. Following the professional teaching materials of the technical school, under the leadership of the Ministry of Culture (and later the State Publishing Bureau and the Press and Publications Bureau), professional textbooks for the training of workers, professional textbooks for printing secondary professional schools, and textbooks for printing engineering of colleges and universities throughout the country are also The professional textbook review committees were successively formed to plan, compile, and publish such professional textbooks in a unified way, so that the construction of printed professional textbooks not only formed a system but also made a big step toward standardization.

Printing professional junior textbooks> First, printing professional junior textbooks

1. Technical school school self-professional teaching materials

The Shanghai Printing School established in Shanghai in 1953 is the first formal printing professional mechanic school in contemporary China. At the beginning of the school year, there was no ready-made professional teaching material for use, nor did it have the experience of self-education. Fortunately, the school has a group of professional teachers who are proficient in printing professional knowledge and love teaching. They quickly prepared a series of trial lecture notes. After several years of teaching practice, it was repeatedly revised and improved. By 1956, the four professional schools of lithography, lithography, letterpress, and letterpress printing had basically had their own professional textbooks. The printing school in Shanghai was officially upgraded in 1957. It has laid a solid foundation for secondary professional schools. During this period, there were more than 10 professional textbooks edited by the Shanghai Printing School, such as "Printing and Fine Arts," "Plate Printing," "Introduction to Printing," "Photography, Letterpress," and "Toppan Printing." Everything was difficult at the beginning. Shanghai Printing School opened this head and provided useful materials for later textbook compilation.

With the development of the printing industry, Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, and Shaanxi in the 1960s successively established several printing technical schools. Compared with the early 1950s, the printing technology of the 1960s is no longer the same language. Teaching materials are still one of the difficulties in running a school. The Shanghai Printing Technical School established in 1962 enrolled junior high school graduates for three years. In the same year, Tianjin Packaging and Printing Company also established a printing mechanics school. In 1964, Liaoning and Shaanxi provinces also successively began printing technical schools. Some of these schools' professional textbooks are prepared by school teachers themselves, and most of them are based on the rewriting of the textbooks of Shanghai Printing School. Throughout the sixties and seventies, after another 10 years of the "Cultural Revolution," it was influenced by it. During this period, some technical schools could not run normally and the preparation of teaching materials was difficult to organize. Only the Shanghai Printing Technology School organized by the Shanghai Publishing and Printing Company has always insisted on running schools. After summarizing the teaching materials compiled in the 1960s, they began to write "Introduction to Printing", "Photochemistry", "Structure and Regulation of Offset Printing Machines", "Hand-selected Phototypesetting Process", and "Topographical Version" from 1972 onwards. There are 17 kinds of professional textbooks such as Printing Technology, Bookbinding, and Printing Machinery Electric Drive.

During this period, due to the impact of the "Cultural Revolution", the Shanghai Printing School had already been suspended. The textbooks of the Technical School of the Shanghai Publishing and Printing Company were not only used for teaching in the school, but also provided reference for the professional teaching of the printing technician schools in other areas.

2. Printing mechanics school textbooks

Printing and technical school is a place for the printing company to cultivate junior professional talents. Since the end of the "Cultural Revolution" and the end of the 1970s, old workers in printing companies have retired, new workers have entered the factory, and the speed of new and old alternatives has gradually accelerated. This has added new forces to enterprises and weakened their technological capabilities. In order to meet the needs of the situation, many places have set up a school for printing mechanics. By the early 1980s, there were only 19 print mechanic schools across the country. In order to improve the quality of teaching in these schools, the preparation of teaching materials has been stepped up in terms of orderliness and standardization. The Publishing Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Culture held a symposium on professional teaching in the National Printing Technical School in Shijiazhuang in August 1982 with a total of 15 provinces ( The person in charge of the printing mechanics school and the teacher representative attended the meeting. At the conference, we exchanged teaching experiences, formulated a unified teaching plan and syllabus, and implemented the task of compiling professional teaching materials, forming the "Committee for Editing Professional Textbooks for Printed Technical Schools" involving the scope of specialization: lithography, lithography, and letterpress Platemaking, letterpress printing and binding are used in 5 professional teaching. These teaching materials include "Introduction to Printing", "Photolithography Equipment", "Photolithography in Lithography", "Photolithography in Lithography", "Lithographic Offset Printing Process", "Liposal Offset Printing Machinery", "Phototypesetting Process", " "Living typesetting technology", "Toppan printing technology", "Toppan printing materials", "Decorative printing machinery", "Book binding technology", "Bookbinding equipment", "Toppan printing machine", "Decorative printing technology", and 23 volumes such as Printing and Color. This is the first time in the teaching of printing, the government authorities in charge of the preparation of professional textbooks throughout the country to adopt a unified plan, published by the printing industry press, for the national teaching of the first unified textbooks. Its publication provides powerful teaching materials for the professional teaching of printing technician schools around the country.

Due to the lack of experience in organizing work, some textbooks were slow to be written. Until the early 1990s, 19 of them were published. In the early 1980s, a new type of process technology such as electronic color separation has begun to be used in printing factories. However, the content of this set of textbooks still reflects the technological level of the 1970s. In the 1980s, it was the era of drastic changes in printing technology. Lead and photocopying, photo separation and electronic color separation, and lead printing and plain printing shifted. The printing technology in the early 1990s and the printing technology in the 1970s are no longer comparable. In February 991, the Press and Publication Administration held a meeting of the Editorial Committee of Printing Technicians' Textbooks in the Printing Industry Press to determine the cancellation of the two editions of Mechanical Drawing and Letterpress Printing in the original 23 volumes and to reorganize the printing technicians’ textbooks. Editing committee, reviewing the original syllabus and rewriting the textbook.

3. Printing workers technical training materials

From the 1960s until the end of the 1980s, most companies implemented a labor-employment system that replaced their children into the factory after their parents retired. Although during this period, some technical schools and professional and high-school print technical education were also conducted around the country, but this is only a small number of people. Especially during the "Cultural Revolution", young workers who entered the factory during the 1980s were already the main components of the company's personnel. However, due to historical reasons, their cultural knowledge and professional and technical knowledge were still unable to adapt to the printing technology in the new situation. The need for development. In view of this situation, the State Publishing Bureau and the subsequent Press and Publication Administration have successively commissioned a Chinese printing company to employ printing professional technical personnel in the Beijing and Shanghai municipalities to form a review committee for printing technical worker training materials and organize the preparation of technical training materials for printing workers.

(1) Intermediate technical training materials.

In August 1986, the Chinese printing company convened the "Editor's Committee of Middle-level Technical Training Texts Editing Committee for Printing Workers" in Beijing and Shanghai. It decided that the textbooks for the relevant professional basic courses should be prepared by the Beijing region, including the "printing color basis" and "printing platemaking optics". There are 8 volumes such as Printing Machinery Basics, Printing Machinery Identification, Printing Common Materials, and Printing Platemaking Chemistry. The textbooks for specialized courses are written by the Shanghai region, among which are "lithographic photolithography technology" and "lithographic printing". Technology, "Level and Color Adjustment of Electronic Color Separation", "Living Typesetting Technology", "Photography and Typesetting Technology", "Offset Printing Technology", "Offset Structure and Adjustment", "Bookbinding Technology" and "Book Binding equipment, etc. 14 volumes.

This set of textbooks is printed and published by the Beijing Printing Industry Corporation in the Beijing area, and is published in the publishing system; printed and published by the Shanghai Publishing and Printing Company in the Shanghai area and distributed in the publishing system.

With the passage of time and the development of printing technology, this set of textbooks can no longer meet the needs of technical training in the 1990s. On July 23, 1993, the Press and Publication Administration issued a "Circular on Entrusting China's Printing Companies to Organize and Write a "Technical Training Material for Printing Industry Workers" Notice. The Chinese printing company re-employed personnel in Beijing and Shanghai to form the "Editor's Technical Training Textbook Review Committee." "Re-examination of the 22 intermediate-level training materials originally prepared and the decision to withdraw the publication plan of 9 kinds of teaching materials such as "Living Typesetting Technology" and "Printing Machinery Basics", reducing the original 22 volumes to 13 volumes (6 in Shanghai). , Beijing area 7 volumes). Some new textbooks were revised and reprinted, and some were rewritten.

(2) Advanced technical training materials.

On the basis of the preparation of intermediate technical training materials, in 1989, the Press and Publication Administration entrusted the Chinese printing companies to continue to employ relevant professional teachers and engineering technicians in the Beijing and Shanghai cities to prepare senior technical training materials for printing workers. The readers of advanced training materials are senior technical workers and technicians of printing companies. Therefore, from the perspective of content structure, we must have certain theoretical knowledge and keep in line with the mid-level training materials. After two years, the textbooks were successively written and published by the Chinese printing company.

There are 10 sets of advanced training materials in total. They are: "Principles of Flat-Plate Making Processes", "Principles of Printing and Printing Technology of Letterpress", "Structural Principles of Book Printing Presses", "Gravure Printing Technology", "Structural Printing Press Structure" and " Principles of Lithographic Printing Process, "Binding Process and Mechanism", "Phototypesetting", "Principles of Book Printing Technology" and "Living Typesetting".

Second, professional school teaching materials

Shanghai Printing School was upgraded to a secondary professional school in 1957. In the 1950s it was the only secondary professional school in the country, so there was no ready-made professional textbook for it to use. The primary task facing the school is to rely on its own years of schooling experience to launch professional teachers to write professional textbooks. At that time, the school had four specialties: letterpress, letterpress, lithography, and lithography. The relevant professional textbooks were also written for these four majors. By the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, the Shanghai Printing School successively wrote and published. Professional textbooks include "Introduction to Printing", "Photo Chemistry", "Printing and Fine Arts", "Photolithography Printing", and "Toppan Printing Technology".

Can be used as teaching materials in teaching, after all, only a part, there are many teaching materials, first used in a handout way, after a few teaching cycles, repeated changes before publishing as a textbook.

The "Cultural Revolution" ended with