Microbiological diagnosis of Bacillus
1. Specimen collection
Taking specimens according to different disease types, animal carcasses can only cut tail, ears or tongue tip. Usually blisters, pustule contents, eschar, sputum, feces and blood, cerebrospinal fluid, etc. are often taken. Attention must be paid to the inspection:
(1) Generally, there are capsules during the microscopic examination of the disease materials. If there is no capsule, the animals are inoculated and then inoculated with experimental animals for morphological examination.
(2) Pay attention to identification with similar bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus.
(3) The autopsy of livestock suspected of anthrax death is strictly prohibited, because the blood does not coagulate, the blood splashes on the ground, and the bacteria in the blood generate spores when they meet the air. The spores can survive in the soil for decades, causing a long-term source of the disease . If inspection is necessary, only the ears or tails of the animals can be taken and sealed for inspection. The dead animals are burned or buried deeply. 2. Bacteriological examination
(1) Microscopic examination: large bacillus, truncated at both ends, bamboo shape (2) Separate culture: use ordinary agar or blood agar
(3) Pure culture: microscopic examination, bead test, biochemical test
(4) Animal test: the test material is made into a suspension or a pure culture and injected into mice, and the mice die of sepsis within 24-36h. 3. Serological antigen test
(1) Ascoli precipitation reaction
Shred the leather or corpse tissue of the animal, boil and filter with water, take the filter drop and add it to the immune serum in the small tube, and place it at room temperature or 37 ℃ for 10min. If the white precipitation ring appears on the contact surface of the two liquids, it is positive, indicating that there is The polysaccharide antigen of the bacterium. This method can make a follow-up diagnosis of corrupt corpses and leather, but the specificity is not high, and false positives can occur.
(2) Indirect hemagglutination test (3) Cooperative agglutination test (4) Bead fluorescent antibody test (5) Agar diffusion test antibody test: compare the rise of serum specific antibodies in the recovery phase and acute phase, confirm the diagnosis or epidemiological investigation.
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