The principle of artificial precipitation and the way of operation

With the rapid advancement of technology, traditional rainfall regulation methods have become increasingly inadequate for modern experimental needs. Throughout our various projects, we continuously identify challenges and drive technological innovation. Our fully automatic artificial rainfall simulation devices have seen significant improvements, enabling the development of advanced artificial rainfall simulators that meet the highest standards. In 2009, during the implementation of a fully automatic artificial rainfall simulator at the Shenzhen Water and Soil Demonstration and Technology Park, we encountered issues with adjusting and stabilizing the rainfall intensity using only a closed-loop electronic flow control valve. The system struggled to maintain consistent performance, leading to frequent adjustments and an expanding deviation over time. Additionally, the tipping bucket rain gauge introduced measurement errors that were more significant than expected, a common issue in the industry. To address these problems, we updated our design by incorporating frequency converters and flow meters. This enhancement improved control speed and data accuracy, reducing adjustment time from 70 seconds to just 30 seconds using a dual closed-loop control system. The system was successfully tested at Tsinghua University and later validated in the portable rainfall simulator at Wuhan University of Technology. The automatic artificial rainfall simulator utilizes a shielded water pump, ensuring low noise, long life, and high reliability. The integration of frequency converters allows precise control of water output, enhancing the stability and accuracy of the system. For the rainfall nozzles, we use specialized FULLJET nozzles from SPAYING SYSTEMS CO., available in three sizes (FULLJET 1/8, 2/8, 3/8). These nozzles simulate natural rainfall effectively, allowing for continuous adjustment of rain intensity while maintaining uniformity and realistic raindrop shapes. The nozzle layout uses a cross-over design to ensure even distribution and compensation between spray zones. The pipeline system is constructed with high-quality PPR-lined stainless steel pipes, offering a service life of up to 50 years. Connections are made using PPR stainless steel fittings, preventing rust and ensuring durability in humid environments. The framework is custom-designed based on the specific site conditions, ensuring optimal performance and adaptability. An indoor LED display provides real-time feedback, including countdown, current rain intensity, and average rain intensity, operating on DC24V with RS485 communication capabilities. Our latest control system integrates advanced ARM technology, replacing the previous open-loop and single closed-loop systems. This dual closed-loop system enables fast, accurate adjustments and has been widely adopted in projects such as the Tsinghua University Planning Institute and the National Environmental Group Sander Group. It offers reliable performance, quick response times, and compatibility with external computer systems for enhanced functionality. The software interface, developed in-house, features a user-friendly design with robust operation reliability. It supports visual representation of rainfall intensity through graphs and includes historical data tracking functions, making it a powerful tool for researchers and educators alike.

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