Two-dimensional bar code and information volume

Editor's note: The bar code is divided into two categories: one-dimensional bar code and multi-dimensional bar code. One-dimensional bar code is our common bar code for newspapers and magazines. However, one-dimensional barcodes have the disadvantage of low density and small capacity, which limits their development. In this case, two-dimensional bar codes came into being. This article introduces you to the advantages and coding principles of advanced barcodes such as 2D barcodes for your reference.
There are two major categories of world commodity barcodes, namely one-dimensional barcodes (linear barcodes) and multidimensional barcodes. One-dimensional barcodes are well-known and often found in newspapers and magazines, packaged goods, etc. Therefore, we will focus on multidimensional barcodes here. Due to the fatal weakness of straight-line “one-dimensional barcodes”, the low bar code density and small information capacity limit the application of bar codes in many fields and areas, especially when it comes to automatic management of commercial warehouses and electronic data interchange (EDI) trading. It is even more difficult to understand, so a better performance, more information, more reliable recognition of the two-dimensional (bar) code comes into being.
In 1987, the earliest two-dimensional code 49 code (Gode-49) produced, mainly for small packaging containers or items on the label, label. In 1988, it successfully developed the 16K code (Code-16K). Later, it also appeared the PDF-417 code that is being promoted and applied. They all belong to stacked multi-line codes, which greatly increase the capacity of information, and provide bar code upgrade and EDI transfer. Information creates the conditions.
The two-dimensional bar code (accurately speaking, two-dimensional code) is different from the one-dimensional bar code. It not only has information in the horizontal direction, but also contains information in the vertical direction. The two-dimensional code not only retains the advantages of one-dimensional linear barcodes, but also has many other advantages, such as large amount of information, high density, good confidentiality, non-contact reading information, easy operation of reading devices, and inexpensive use. In short, two-dimensional code is a high-density, high-security, high-capacity bar code developed for the disadvantages of one-dimensional code.
In the two-dimensional code (or two-dimensional bar code), the data encoding principles and code symbols also have a variety of systems, which are currently divided into two major categories: multi-line and matrix. Multi-line two-dimensional code is a stacking superposition, which can be seen as a one-dimensional bar code is divided into several overlapping, so Japan called multi-stage code, also known as two-dimensional bar code, such as 49 yards (CODE-49) is Stacked from 4-8 lines of "barcodes." There are CODE-49, PDF417, CODE-16K and so on which belong to multi-line codes.
The matrix code is configured in all directions on the plane. It is a typical embodiment of the two-dimensional code. Like the black and white on the go board, each child represents specific information, so it can accommodate more information. The matrix codes now available are: DATA-CODE, CODE-l, VERI-CODE, and MAXI-CODE.
In short, the above two-dimensional codes have common features. E.g:
(1) The high reading accuracy and ease of use of barcodes are beneficial to the existing POS shops and vendors;
(2) High-density, large-capacity data can be coded, with good confidentiality, high reliability, and strong anti-counterfeiting;
(3) Acquiring information with high accuracy, high speed and error code detection, error code correction function (due to pollution or damage symbol damage within 20% -25% can repair themselves);
(4) In the preparation of three-dimensional code can be encrypted, high security code;
(5) In principle, the reading of two-dimensional codes is a graphic recognition type that can perform image processing and can read symbols in all directions 360°. In addition, the multi-line two-dimensional code and the matrix two-dimensional code still have some similarities and differences. For example, multi-line two-dimensional codes are formed by stacking straight line bar codes, so they can share bar code scanning equipment with one-dimensional bar codes, which have the advantages of one-dimensional bar codes and two-dimensional bar codes that can be shared, but they are somewhat inefficient for high-density codes. ".
At present, the standard unit code for packaging commodities in China uses a 13-digit bar code, EAN-13 code: 690M1M2M3M4I1I2I3I4I5C. The first three are the country or region codes (690 in China and 489 in Hong Kong, China). M1-M4 is the manufacturer code, I1-I5 is the item item code, and C is the check character. Obviously, it is impossible to add information such as the quality, quantity, price, quality, place name, formula, etc. of packaging products in such bar codes. Since the number of one-dimensional bar codes is limited to a maximum of only about 20-30 bits, this greatly limits the capacity of information. In some cases, the uniqueness of thousands of product codes cannot be met, but this is One of the most important attributes of barcodes. The capacity of two-dimensional codes is much larger than that of one-dimensional bar codes, and it is very easy to store and transfer these information.
The 2D bar code is a new information storage and delivery technology compared to the 1D bar code. At present, PDF417 has become a universal national standard and is widely used in many fields such as national defense security, transportation, commercial trade, international finance, industry and trade customs, etc. In particular, logistics storage and transportation of packaged goods are indispensable.
Because of its large amount of information, high reliability, and good anti-counterfeit, the two-dimensional code will become the mainstay of bar codes in applications such as data information, item identification, and package logistics, especially in small-area packaged goods/articles. On the other hand, there is an absolute advantage in carrying large-capacity 3D barcodes. In these occasions, the necessary information for packaging goods/articles is not required to be searched from the data database, and its own accommodation can be easily used by people, thereby realizing the decentralization of the database, the simplification of the information system, and the system. It is easier to change the stars, change the information, and achieve the consistency of goods and information.
In addition, due to the fact that the 2D bar code can save places and make the bar code smaller under the condition of fully expressing the information, the package design of the small packaged goods is favorable, and the package can further highlight the performance of the product and is attractive. The 2D barcode can not only display more data information, but also has the ability to correct errors. It can increase the confidentiality by adding passwords and can read information in all directions. The application of 2D barcodes has been favored by people from all walks of life and has so far been in the world. Many countries and regions have been more widely adopted.
Regarding the barcode of packaged goods, there are two points that should be pointed out in particular: First, the issue of popularization, that is, anyone is free to use it. In particular, consumers can easily check the bar code information to confirm the credibility of the product and prevent counterfeiting. Fake and inferior products can be realized in the near future. The second is the maintenance of the bar code, especially the symbol attached to the bar code of the small commodity and/or small packaging container. The identification system should pay attention to the occasion when it is damaged due to scratches or contamination. In general, the above-mentioned stain damage has no effect on the reading of information. Since 2D barcodes have data recovery capabilities, they can still be read 100%, but the maximum extent of damage cannot exceed 25%. In spite of this, when the 2D barcode is introduced into the recognition system, it is still necessary to pay attention to it, especially for the data/database searchers who have to double symbolize. In May 1997, China introduced a two-dimensional bar code technology, and the application of product bar codes entered a new phase.
Barcodes for packaging products are widely used throughout the world. According to data reports, there were 260,000 bar code members in the United States and Canada in 2002, POS covered all stores, 21,000 in the UK, 35,000 POS stores, 39,000 in France, POS covered all stores, and over 90,000 in Germany. There are 26,000 POS stores, 90,000 in Japan, and nearly 300,000 POS shops. In China, there are more than 70,000 manufacturers and more than 600,000 kinds of goods use international barcodes.

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