Scientists explain the molecular basis of proteins entering chloroplast channels
The transporter is a protein complex that is responsible for transferring the polypeptide through the membrane. For example, chloroplast membrane transporters (TOCs) import nuclear-encoded proteins into the chloroplast. After studying the structure and function of TOC, scientists have come to the hypothesis that transport proteins participate in different protein input channels, and their expression depends on organ composition and physiological adaptability.
To test the hypothesis, Hitoshi Inoue, a scientist at Massachusetts State University, analyzed the functional differences of the Toc159 receptor family at the molecular level. Toc159 family members have three domains: C-terminal membrane anchoring domain (M-domain), central GTPase domain (G-domain) and strongly acidic N-terminal domain (A-domain).
The results show that A-domain is responsible for selecting the preferentially bound protein, and if the two major Toc159 family members' A-domains are swapped in transgenic Arabidopsis, their functions will also be swapped. Therefore, it is speculated that the A-domain of the Toc-159 receptor determines the protein access to the chloroplast.
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