Analysis of changes in rectal protein distribution and function of Anopheles larvae in saline environment

Mosquitoes are the host of many mammalian pathogens, including parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi. Malaria is mainly transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. In order to control diseases, it is very important to understand the transmission process, so it is necessary to study the environmental adaptability of mosquito larvae. Mosquito larvae are able to adapt to changing environments because the mosquito's rectum has a highly developed ion regulation system. The rectum is responsible for absorbing ions and nutrients and expelling excess salt and waste. But the process of this adjustment has been unclear. In 2010, Smith and others from the University of Florida and MBL scientists used non-invasive micro-testing techniques and other methods to study the ion regulation mechanism of Anopheles mosquitoes and found that the two types of cells in the rectum have significant differences in ion transport and protein expression. Ion regulation is an important biological process for the survival of mosquito larvae, and is regulated by the rectum. This article studied two types of cells, the DAR (back dorsal protrusion rectum) and Non-DAR (non-back dorsal protrusion rectum) cells of the anopheles rectum. In 2% and 50% artificial seawater, the proton flow rate was measured by non-damage micro-measurement technology. It was found that the basic proton flow rate of the two types of cells was different, and the proton flow rate after treatment with drug inhibitors was also different, indicating that the protein function is in two environments There is a difference. Histological analysis shows that the structure of Non-DAR cells is suitable for regulating ion transport. According to the results of this study, a model of ion regulation in rectum was established, that is, the function of Non-DAR cells to reabsorb ions in fresh water and secrete ions in seawater. In this way, Anopheles larvae can adapt to various salt environments. This work measured the ion velocity of mosquitoes in different environments, and provided ideas for understanding the environmental adaptability of organisms. Keywords: Keywords: DAR (Dorsal anterior rectum), ion regulation, mosquitoes (Mosquito), non-invasive micro-measurement technology Reference: Smith KE et al. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 157 (2010) 55 – 62

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