A new American study found that the nervous system in a small area of ​​the mouse brain resembles an Internet structure. This challenges the traditional theory that the brain's nervous system is hierarchical.
New discovery
Larry Swanson and Richard Thompson, neurological scientists at the University of Southern California, isolated the nucleus accumbens area in the mouse brain related to pleasure and reward. At the same point, two "tracers" were injected simultaneously for Shows where and where the signal is going.
The "tracer" moves with the signal, but does not interfere with the signal movement, can emit light, and can be observed under the microscope.
They found that the signal moves in a network of circles, and this network is "not a hierarchical structure with upper and lower divisions."
Thompson spent more than 8 years inventing and perfecting the tracer method used in this research.
Most other tracking methods can only track one signal in one direction at a location.
"We can simultaneously observe four connections in a brain circuit on the same animal," Swanson said.
The academic community has assumed that the nervous system in the brain is similar to the structure of the Internet, but no previous experiments have confirmed this assumption.
The research report was published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
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Old theory
Researchers previously believed that the nervous system in the brain is like a large enterprise, which can be drawn as a straight-line connection diagram that branches from the central department to the small departments below.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Swanson as saying on August 11: "The 'top-to-bottom theory' occupies an amazing dominance in the existing experimental neuroscience literature, and this theory can be traced back to the 19th century."
Swanson said that the existence of the Internet-like structure in the brain can explain the phenomenon that the brain can overcome local damage. "You can take away any single part of the Internet, but the other parts of the network work as usual." The nervous system also cannot say a certain part. Absolutely indispensable.
Next step
Swanson said that at present, at least in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse brain, different structures of the nervous system that were previously thought can be found. In the future, the tracer method used in this study can be used to observe other parts, and finally the entire brain neural network map is drawn.
Swanson said that drawing a neural network diagram of the entire brain is an extremely complex task, and it is currently not certain what effect this diagram will have on solving consciousness and cognitive problems.
"However, it's like a human genome project. People believe that finding the complete sequence of human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a cornerstone of biological research, no matter how long it takes to complete this work," Swanson said.
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