The steel industry has entered a painful period of transformation and upgrading
The steel industry is an important basic industry of the national economy, including production processes such as mining, beneficiation, sintering (pellet), coking, ironmaking, steelmaking, steel rolling, metal products, and auxiliary materials. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the steel industry has achieved great success, with crude steel output increasing from 350 million tons to 630 million tons, an average annual increase of 12.2%. The domestic market share of steel has increased from 92% to 97%. Due to multiple factors such as the slowdown of domestic and foreign economic growth, overcapacity and high financial costs, the production and operation of China's steel companies have once again fallen into a downturn, and the steel industry has entered a period of painful transformation and upgrading.
At present, from the perspective of circular economy, the steel industry has the following three problems:
1. Enhanced energy and environmental constraints
The energy consumption of sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking and other processes of key iron and steel enterprises is still a certain gap from the international advanced level. The efficiency of secondary energy recovery and utilization needs to be further improved, the management of energy conservation and emission reduction of enterprises needs to be improved, and the mature technology of energy conservation and emission reduction needs Further system optimization. The popularization rate of blast furnace and converter gas dry dedusting is low. Sintering desulfurization has not yet been popularized, the development of green and low-carbon process technology is still in its infancy, and the task of reducing sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions is arduous.
2. The quality of varieties needs to be upgraded
The overall level of China's steel product physical quality is still not high, only about 30% can reach the international advanced level. The large-volume and wide-ranging hot-rolled threaded steel bars and other varieties are slowly upgraded, and the specifications and standards cannot meet the requirements for reducing steel consumption. The product quality is unstable, and the downstream industry cannot yet use steel efficiently and scientifically. A few key varieties of steel still rely on imports, and the research and development and production technology of high-performance products such as high strength, corrosion resistance, long life, and reduction need to be further improved.
3. The ability of independent innovation is not strong
The investment in research and development of key steel companies only accounts for 1.1% of the main business income, which is far below the level of 3% in developed countries. The technological innovation system of most iron and steel enterprises has not yet been fully formed, the basis for independent innovation is weak, there is a lack of high-level expert leaders, and there are not many independent innovation achievements in process technology equipment and key varieties. The steel rolling process control automation technology and some key equipment still mainly rely on the introduction. R & D investment in cutting-edge technologies such as non-blast furnace ironmaking and near-net-shape continuous casting and rolling is insufficient.
The circular transformation of the park is the main means of the circular development of the park, and it is an inevitable requirement for the development of the park to a certain extent. Recycling transformation is aimed at increasing the rate of resource output. According to the requirements of industrial chain formation, enterprise clustering, material circulation, etc., through adjustment of industrial structure, optimization of resource allocation and construction of circular economy industrial chain and other measures, the park will be built into A path of a circular economy park with rapid economic development, efficient use of resources, beautiful and clean environment, and a virtuous cycle of ecology. According to the project experience of CCID Consulting, when carrying out the circular transformation of the industrial park dominated by the steel industry, the following three aspects should be focused on:
1. Promote waste heat and pressure, solid waste and waste water resource utilization
Use coke ovens, blast furnaces, converter by-product gas recovery and sintering, waste heat and pressure generation in ironmaking and steelmaking processes, and carry out gas-steam combined cycle power generation; return converter slag, iron-containing dust, and oxide scale to the furnace for sintering and use Blast furnace slag and converter slag produce cement and other building materials products; tar, coke oven gas, crude benzene and other coking by-products are used to produce chemical products; establish an internal water circulation system of the enterprise to carry out qualitative cascade recycling of waste water.
2. Encourage the circular link between the steel production system and the social life system
For qualified parks, iron and steel enterprises are encouraged to use waste heat resources for heating and heating of living buildings, and replenish new water with unconventional water such as reclaimed water and desalinated water. Guide iron and steel enterprises to establish a scrap steel recycling system to reduce their dependence on primary mineral resources.
3. Build a circular economy industrial chain in the steel industry
Relying on the key projects in the park, accelerate the construction of the park, promote the construction of the steel-related derivatives and comprehensive utilization of resources in the park and complete the production as soon as possible, complete the energy-saving and emission-reduction projects such as technological transformation projects and CDQ devices, and strive to sinter (pellets ) Breakthroughs in the harmless metallurgical solid waste of flue gas desulfurization by-products, steel slag, and industrialization of resource-based technologies have achieved breakthroughs in the formation of complete coking, smelting by-product gas, waste heat and pressure generation, smelting waste slag building materials, and smelting iron-containing dust Industrial chains for sintering, coking tar, gas chemical products, smelting steel products, waste steel, electric furnace steelmaking, etc.
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