How to make Spring Festival printing? Handmade bronzing and screen printing process
Handmade bronzing spring couplets
1, the production of the frame
The size of the frame should be determined according to the size of the paper cut printed by the Spring Festival. The inner diameter of the frame should be 5 cm larger than the size of the paper. The 3 cm × 5 cm wood can be used, and the inner diameter of the frame should be Slot the deep 0. cm line from 1 cm to 1.5 cm, and make the strip according to the width and depth of the groove.
2, stretch net
Cut the nylon screen according to the size of the frame, soak it with water, and then nail the circumference of the nylon screen to the side around the frame with a distance of about 2 cm, and then use a small nail. The wooden strip is pressed into the wire trough above the nylon mesh, and then the nailed net plate is rinsed with clean water and dried.
3, scraping photosensitive adhesive
This process must be carried out in a dark room. The illumination can be poured into the underside of the screen plane with a red light or a candle, and scraped off with a plexiglass ruler. Make the film evenly distributed, covered with mesh surface, uneven longitudinal shaving
It can be scraped in the horizontal direction. If the concave surface of the screen has glue penetration, please scrape it flat, and the film will be thin and flat. The purpose is to seal the mesh and dry naturally.
4, draw a black and white manuscript
Black and white manuscript is the most important process of the plate making process. It not only affects the success or failure of plate making, but also directly affects the quality of the product. In the absence of calligraphy, you can find some beautiful spring couplets and patterns, and you can use the computer to type the glyphs. Place it on the tabletop, cover a piece of the same size as the outside diameter of the frame and clean the glass with ink to draw the glyph. The line part of the word must be completely black, and the light is checked against the light. If there is a leak. If it is not correct, if the ink is dry, the excess part can be scraped off with a small knife tip for revision. If a fine pattern is drawn, the drawing can be done with a hard pen and black ink. It can be combined with the glass black and white draft as needed without affecting the effect of the plate making.
5, exposure
This process must be carried out in a dark room. Take a sponge that is 0.5 cm thick and equal in diameter to the frame and must be 2 cm thicker than the plane of the frame. Place the sponge into the concave surface of the screen and place the ply on the sponge. Then turn over, that is, the plywood is down, and the plane of the screen is up, and then the painted black and white draft with the ink side down, centered smoothly on the plane of the screen, surrounded by clips to the bottom The plywood is clamped between the black and white manuscripts on the glass to prevent lateral running to avoid the lack of plate making and failure. After it is arranged, it can be taken outdoors for exposure. The exposure time is generally 1 minute - 3 minutes. Depending on the degree of light, the light intensity is short, the light is weak for a long time, the cloudy weather is not suitable for exposure, and the indoor light can be used for exposure. 4 40W fluorescent lamps or 4 bulbs of 200W bulbs are evenly distributed on the top of the screen. If the height of the fluorescent lamp is 30 cm from the screen, the bulb should be separated from the screen by 50 cm. The exposure time should be 30 minutes. Immediately after the exposure, immediately after the exposure. Take the screen back to the darkroom to remove the black and white manuscript, sponge, and plywood. Rinse the front and back sides of the screen with 60 degrees of warm water. Generally, rinse the letter on the screen for 3 minutes or so. After drying, the plate making process is all over.
6, printing process
First make a printing scraper, take a 26 cm long, 13 cm wide two equal size Polaroid board, then take a 26 cm long, 14.5 cm wide, 0.5 cm thick rubber sheet, with two pieces of Polaroid The rubber plate is sandwiched in the middle, the three sides are aligned, and the other side of the rubber plate is 1.5 cm higher than the Polaroid plate, and the three are adhered by the "sticky" glue. Alternatively, the size of the squeegee can be lengthened or shortened depending on the width dimension of the printing screen. A plexiglass ruler can also be used instead of a squeegee to complete the printing.
Position the prepared screen face up on the table with a hinge, take 30 pieces of red paper cut into the bottom of the screen, and align with the letter pattern of the screen to find the size of the four perimeters. After the grease is blended and evenly mixed, the ink is repeatedly scraped from right to left. Each side is scraped to one side, that is, once the city is printed, the screen is opened, the printed product is taken out, and so on. Use force to be even. Immediately after each printing, wipe the screen with a towel dampened oil for future use.
7, sticky gold process
Select a work surface with a flat surface and withstand pressure, and then lay a rubber sheet that is slightly larger than the size of the printed spring couplet and is very flat and smooth. The electro-aluminum hot stamping foil is cut according to the size of the printed spring couplet. After the spring couplet is sealed for about 20 minutes, the anodized aluminum hot stamping foil can be smoothly pasted on the printed base pattern part of the printed couplet. Use a towel to firmly press the base and the pattern, and confirm that the aluminum foil stamping foil on the paste can be removed 24 hours after the compaction is completed.
Screen printing spring couplets
Preparation of the letter positive artwork:
1 From the Spring Festival books, select the Spring Festival couplets with a wide range of applications and novelty and auspicious contents. Enter them into the computer and select fonts such as: 楷书, 行楷, Lishu, Weibei and other fonts on the computer. It can be used in a laser printer, and the imposition can be used for printing.
2Select the Spring Festival couplet from the printed Spring Festival couplets, copy it to the white paper with the copier, and enlarge or reduce it according to the requirements when copying. Generally, the red part of the Spring Festival couplets will turn black or gray, and use the white advertisement color to After painting white, and then copying once, you can get a clear text draft. After soaking this text draft with wax, it will become a transparent text draft, which can be used as a Sunscreen.
3 Calligraphers or those who have certain calligraphy skills to write Spring Festival couplets, it is best to write directly on transparent cellophane. If it is written on rice paper or ordinary white paper, it can be used for plate making after waxing.
If the text is that the text is the bone of the Spring Festival couplets, then the pattern is the flesh of the Spring Festival couplets, and the bones and flesh can form the perfect artwork. In the Spring Festival couplets, the pattern can play a decorative role, and the meaning of the text to be expressed in the Spring Festival text can be indirectly expressed through the pattern. From an artistic point of view, the pattern can add a layer to the Spring Festival picture, and it is visually unsettled and dull.
Pattern preparation:
1 copy method This method is mainly to find some white drawing album to copy it, re-wax the copy, and then use it for printing. The content can be selected from landscape paintings, figure paintings, flowers, animals, etc. The pattern drafts made by this method are of high quality and low cost.
2 The advantage of hand-drawing by hand drawing is that it can avoid the difficulty of imposition caused by the inconsistency between the size and length of the Spring Festival. The key to hand-painting is that the drafters have higher levels of art. Text peripheral strokes must be drawn by hand.
3Electrical color separation design A color pattern draft with the same size as the Spring Festival couplet. After color separation by electronic color separation machine, yellow, black, black and black positive color negative film can be obtained. With this four-color film, the four-color printing is used. You can print the color Spring Festival couplets.
Plate making
Put the pattern draft and the stroked transparent paper together, align the rule line, put it on the plate making machine, open the exposure lamp, and coincide with the registration line on the plate making machine glass, and fix it with double-sided tape or transparent adhesive tape. Drop the exposure lamp; apply the photoresist under the red light in the darkroom, blow it dry, place the screen on the plate-making machine, cover a piece of black paper on it, put a sponge foam board on the paper, and press the weight on it, such as brick; At this time, adjust the timer, press the printing button, start exposure, the time is 5 minutes, the time is up to automatic shutdown, take off the screen, rinse with water; turn on the light, check the screen, continue to flush the unpenetrated part Until it is clear. The method is the same when making a text version. After the pattern plate is dried, the part of the pattern to be printed in the text stroke is coated with a sealing glue or a photosensitive glue, and after drying, the periphery of the screen is sealed and ready for use.
Printing working conditions
1. Equipment: Printing Chunlian's product seems to be simple, but the production conditions are high. The most important thing is that the plate-making printing equipment is large. In the case of the Spring Festival of 150 meters long, the direct working area of ​​its plate-making printing equipment must reach 1 50m or more, the maximum printing area of ​​the general offset printing machine is fully open (1 10m), which shows that the general offset printing machine can not produce more than 150m of the Spring Festival couplets, which is why the offset spring couplets rarely have more than 1 10m length of spring couplets. When using the screen printing method, in order to produce a Spring Festival coupler of more than 50 m meters, there must be a large Chunlian plate-making press or a large plate-making machine.
2, paper: screen printing Spring Festival coupled with red paper printing is better, because the use of red paper printing Spring Festival is better than the white paper printing Spring Festival, and the plate making costs are low. There are many varieties of red paper. From the color, there are rose red paper and red paper. From the production process, organic red paper and red paper are hand-brushed. Screen printing Spring Festival couplets are suitable for red paper with Zhu Hong machine. In the south, there is a kind of red-column joint paper in the whole year. This paper is characterized by rainproof, light-resistant, non-fading throughout the year, and the color is vermilion. After a period of sun exposure, it gradually turns into deep red, and the rain is dry and dried. Still red, the Spring Festival couplets made with this kind of paper are attached to the door, which is red all year round and the effect is very good. In the south, people generally subscribe for this Spring Festival couplet product. The Spring Festival couplets printed on ordinary red paper are unattended. This is because the rain often occurs during the Spring Festival in the South. If the paper is not good, the Spring Festival has not changed beyond the normal, it will make The Spring Festival has become very disappointing.
3, ink: screen printing spring couplet ink, generally with offset resin ink, can also be used with black enamel plus offset resin ink blending, another method is to use black offset ink plus varnish. The spring couplets printed with these inks are black and bright. Auxiliary materials are: red dry oil, white dry oil, gasoline, thinner, banana water, acetone, xylene and the like. Gold ink can be offset with gold ink, or gold powder can be used to adjust xylene and varnish. The diluent can be used with gasoline. The concentration is preferably a dry mesh.
4. The materials used for bronzing are made of perchlorovinyl chloride, bronzing materials, anodized aluminum (gold), and bronzing equipment is a hot stamping machine or electric iron.
5, the working room at least 20m2, the wall is covered with a row of iron wire, spacing 33cm, used to hang Spring Festival. The larger the work area, the higher the production efficiency.
1. Red paper screen printing Spring Festival couples the cut red paper on the glass, open the copy exposure lamp, align the red paper with the original position, fix the red paper positioning mark with double-sided tape, and then make it The screen is placed on the red paper, aligned, and the screen is clamped to the net. Turn off the light, put down the screen, place the adjusted gold ink on one end of the screen, scrape the scraper from the end to the other end, lift the screen and check the printing effect. When printing, each piece should be aligned to ensure that the text is printed in the stroke just when the black text is printed. Two people need to work at the same time when printing. After the first golden dry, reprint black text in the same way as the gold pattern. Pay attention to the registration when printing.
In printing, the most common fault is that the ink is extruded from the bottom of the net. The reason is that the screen is stretched loose, causing a gap between the net and the paper, and the other reason is that the ink is too thin, especially when printing This type of problem is most likely to occur. In screen printing, dry mesh is also one of the most prone problems. In summer, the temperature is high, the ink is dry quickly, and the net is easy to dry. At this time, 783 slow dry water can be added to the ink. If there is no 783 slow dry water, add some diesel oil. Low temperature, slow drying, need to add red dry oil or white dry oil in the ink, you can also add acetone, xylene, banana water, thinner, gasoline and so on. The room temperature must be kept above 15 °C.
In printing, sometimes the ink drying is too slow. For example, when the indoor iron wire is completely full, the ink printed at the beginning is still not dried and cannot be stowed, which will affect the printing. If the ink dries quickly, it is easy to dry the net, increasing the number of wiping the net. In order to solve this problem, we must first ensure that the second sheet of paper is placed after the first print is removed, and then the screen is not put down during the period of time, so that the portion left on the screen for the first time is printed. The ink is printed on the paper again. This ink should be suitable for concentration without being extruded from below. Another point is that when the iron wire in the room is full, the spring couplets on the first wire are all dry. At this time, you can put the Spring Festival on this line and continue printing. To achieve the above two points must be aware of a variety of factors such as ink performance, thinner characteristics, seasonal temperature, etc., in the work to find out the practical experience, only in this way can print a good product, and work efficiency will be greatly improved.
2. Red paper bronzing Spring Festival bronzing Spring couplet printing is perchlorovinyl chloride pulp, this pulp needs to be purchased at the chemical reagent store, or can be purchased at the plastics factory. If the slurry is not available, a perchlorovinyl chloride resin can be used to make a perchlorovinyl chloride slurry with xylene or cyclohexanone. The formulation is as follows: perchloroethylene resin 100 g of xylene 50 mL of cyclohexanone 350 mL. The perchloroethylene resin is dissolved in a mixture of xylene cyclohexanone to obtain a perchlorovinyl chloride slurry.
In the printing, the vinyl chloride paste is used instead of the ink, and printed on the red paper. Before it is nearly dry, put the anodized aluminum, heat it with a hot stamping machine or an electric iron, and the temperature is not too high. Then remove the excess of anodized aluminum, which will have a bronzing effect.
Of course, the most basic requirements of a good Spring Festival product are: beautiful fonts, novel content, beautiful printing, and excellent paper. These four points are the key to whether the Spring Festival couplets can achieve better economic benefits in market sales. Therefore, the text used for Spring Festival couplets must be beautifully written and have deep calligraphy skills.
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