Japan uses sewer sludge to make asphalt
In order to improve the viscosity, stability and durability of the asphalt mixture, fine aggregates should be added thereto. At present, lime powder is generally used as fine aggregate. Tokyo started to investigate the feasibility of using sewage sludge ash in 1997.
After analysis, the asphalt mixture added with sludge ash has the same performance in all aspects as the mixture made of traditional materials. Tokyo plans to begin practical application of sewage sludge ash in the Tama area. It is estimated that 1,000 tons of sludge ash can be used in 2003 and will increase to 2000 tons after 2004.
Compared with the previous practice of using sewer sludge ash as a raw material for cement production, the new method, which treats an equal amount of sludge ash, can save an average of 10 million yen (approximately US$84,700) in cost per year. At the same time, as the transportation distance is shortened, 9 tons of carbon dioxide can be discharged every year.
Office sofa is a common type of chair furniture in the office, providing employees with a comfortable working environment and rest space. According to different functions and design styles, office sofas can be divided into multiple categories.
1. Classification by Function
1) Rest sofa: The rest sofa is designed to provide a place for employees to rest and relax. It usually uses soft materials and comfortable seat cushions to provide a comfortable sitting posture and support. Rest sofas are usually large and can be used by multiple people simultaneously, sometimes equipped with armrests and backrests to provide better support and comfort.
2) Reception sofa: A reception sofa is a place used to receive visiting guests, usually placed in the reception area of the office. It generally adopts a simple and elegant design style, paired with a fashionable appearance and comfortable seat cushions, to leave a good impression on visitors.
3) Conference sofa: A conference sofa is a chair furniture used in office meeting rooms. It usually adopts a minimalist design style, paired with comfortable cushions and support to provide a comfortable meeting environment. Conference sofas are usually large and can be used by multiple people at the same time. Sometimes, they are also equipped with a desktop and socket, making it convenient for attendees to discuss and use electronic devices.
2. Classified by design style
1) Minimalist style sofa: Minimalist style sofas are characterized by simple, clear lines and simple shapes, emphasizing functionality and practicality. It usually adopts neutral tones and simple design elements, suitable for modern office decoration styles.
2) European style sofa: European style sofas are characterized by luxurious and exquisite decorations and curved shapes, giving people an elegant and romantic feeling. It usually uses delicate carvings and patterns, suitable for traditional or luxurious office decoration styles.
3) Modern style sofa: Modern style sofas are characterized by a simple and fashionable design, emphasizing smooth lines and practical functions. It usually adopts simple geometric shapes and neutral tones, suitable for modern office decoration styles.
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