Study on Application and Development of Foreign Ammunition Packaging (2)

2.2.3 Ammunition Packaging Palletizing

Palletized containerized packaging has many features such as large loading capacity, convenient management and use, and saving transportation costs. The U.S. military considers the trays and packaging boxes to be unit packages of ammunition. In the process of storage and transportation, pallet operations are the smallest unit of operation. Whether they are small-volume fuzes or large-caliber ammunition, they have all achieved pallet assembly. The U.S. military ammunition trays have become the main method for the delivery of ammunition from the factory to each ammunition supply station. The unit combination trays are used directly as force ammunition and transport storage containers. In order to shorten the time of picking and improve the efficiency of the entire system, the U.S. military has improved the pallet assembly (for example, 105 tanks of gun ammunition). The method of directly taking the ammunition out of the tray has become the new requirement for the US military ammunition packaging design. The United States is the first country to make large palletized wooden boxes. The Pica Tinny Arsenal pioneered the manufacture of a large pallet wooden box capable of carrying 86 rounds of 62mm rockets, instead of 45 rounds with 3 bullets, and a similar size of 3 ordinary wooden boxes; The large shells of the shells replaced 21 ordinary wooden boxes with the same number of shells. The U.S. Army has developed a large-sized tray-type wire bundle wooden box that can be used as an outer packaging box and can hold 38 rounds of 105mm490 anti-tank coaches that are packed in asphalt drums. The total weight is 1103.4kg and the volume is 1.328m3. Compared with the old packaging, the package weight was reduced by 14.1%, the volume was reduced by 37.5%, and 59% of the packaging material was saved. The container can also be used for the packaging of other tank bombs. Another new invention of the US military's 105mm tank bomb package is to fix 30 or 35 metal packages on a metal tray to make a reusable package. A unit package allows one tank to be loaded and used. Once loaded, only the metal end cap needs to be opened to remove the projectile, and the bomb can be automatically fed into the tank. This is very convenient to use. Due to the advantages of safe and rapid container transportation, high protection performance, simplified packaging, and reduced packaging costs, the US military has gradually increased the number of containers used, and the scope of use has continued to expand. Now, new types of containers that can be opened from the top and side are being developed and purchased. The U.S. military has also set up an implementation team for container transportation of ammunition and missiles. The mission of the U.S. military is to improve cushions and fastening methods, reduce the cost of containers, and strive to achieve 100% use of containers for ammunition. At present, 80% of the ammunition shipped by the U.S. military to Europe has been shipped in bomb containers. Practical experience shows that the structure of small size, which can be opened from the top and side to facilitate loading and unloading is more practical because it can overcome the disadvantages of inconvenient loading and unloading of bomb containers.

2.2.4 Rapid development of dry packaging

In packaging, temperature and humidity are the major causes of corrosion, degradation, deterioration, destruction, and loss of use of military products. All kinds of ammunition and equipment need a certain humidity environment when they are packaged and stored. The relative humidity limit of ammunition ranges from 45% to 55%. Based on the above data, the optimal relative humidity for ammunition and device packaging and storage is about 45%. Practice has proved that dry air packaging and storage are both economical and effective methods. This has been used by the military in various countries, from the storage of large-scale equipment such as army tanks and artillery to small arms such as ammunition. It has become the best reliable method for the Army's long-term or short-term storage of ammunition and equipment, and its research and application have further development trends.

2.3 Regulatory management. Achieved the informationization of ammunition packaging

Formulated relevant regulations for packaging methods, packaging dimensions, packaging materials, packaging technology, packaging equipment, packaging protection, packaging marks, etc.; developed ammunition and equipment packaging system software; developed a micro bar code computer information system to achieve ammunition and equipment packaging Management modernization and informatization.

2.4 Rapid Development of Ammunition Packaging Testing Technology

The foreign military attaches great importance to the effectiveness and performance assessment of ammunition packaging, and has formed a set of standardized requirements, which are mainly divided into three types of tests, that is, performance tests during the development stage of ammunition packaging (such tests are used to evaluate newly developed ammunition packaging. The strength of the product and the protection of the ammunition); the engineering appraisal tests issued by the Army's Test and Appraisal Command (this type of test is primarily intended to assess the suitability of ammunition and its packaging for a particular circulation environment,15); Army defensive ammunition The service verification tests conducted by the Center and the Institute (this test is mainly used for the development and testing of the results of the pelletized/transportation assembly of ammunition packages). These three types of tests reflect the integrity and advancement of the US military's requirements for ammunition packaging testing.

At present, some advanced ammunition packaging and testing technologies have been developed internationally. For example, in order to ensure the safety of special items such as fuses and primers, virtual reality testing technology for ammunition component packaging has been studied. The test is simulated on a computer, so it does not involve the safety of the actual ammunition components, and it better solves the security problems caused by the physical testing of the package. Another example is the United States’ S. Hauvespre and M. Dokmeci et al. recently developed a miniature package internal humidity monitoring sensor system, which is composed of a capacitive sensor, a 15 humidity sensor, a hybrid coil, and a remote sensing 3 component humidity monitoring sensor. System, can be known with infinite remote control.

2.5 Carried out series of generalized packaging technologies for ammunition and equipment

The use of ammunition and equipment used by the Army is relatively small compared to other weapons and equipment, and it is easy to realize box-type packaging. Serialized and general-purpose packaging of ammunition and equipment not only reduces the variety and quantity of equipment packaging, facilitates the management of equipment, but more importantly facilitates the redevelopment of containerized operations and loading, unloading and transporting machinery, thereby providing conditions for rapid protection of ammunition equipment. . The foreign military has already taken the lead in the serialization and generalized packaging of ammunition. It focuses on solving two types of problems: 1) According to the different ammunitions, 15 capabilities and characteristics, a reasonable division of the ammunition's protection class and category, to facilitate the ammunition The protection function of the packaging is designed to be generalized and serialized; 2) The structure and size of the ammunition packaging box are properly divided according to the structure, shape, size and weight of the different ammunition. On the basis of a comprehensive study of these two types of issues, the generalization of small ammunition equipment and serialized packaging technology standards have been established.

3 Development Trend of Ammunition Packaging for Foreign Armies

3.1 Focus on the development and application of new packaging technologies and materials

In order to meet the needs of material protection under modern war conditions, foreign countries have constantly developed and used new technologies and materials to apply them to ammunition packaging. In the coming period, the foreign military will further develop smart packaging, anti-explosion-proof packaging, ultra-high-functional packaging, anti-static packaging, anti-electromagnetic packaging, anti-infrared packaging, radiation protection packaging, nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Research.

3.2 Comprehensive protection of packaging further strengthened

The rapid development of radar, infrared, laser, millimeter-wave and other modern detection and guidance technologies have made modern warfare more highly technical, and the battlefield environment has become increasingly degraded. It is difficult to achieve effective protection of interior materials only when a single package of military materials is used. The ammunition packaging in the future will inevitably develop in the direction of multi-functional protection. With the advancement of science and technology, a variety of photochemical functional materials, stealth functional materials, conductive functional materials, moisture-proof and antistatic composite films, anti-static properties, and new materials such as Chinese materials have been successfully developed to provide technical assurance for the realization of comprehensive protective packaging. . At the same time, with the continuous deepening of research on new types of ammunition and various related factors, the ammunition packaging design has been made more scientific, more reasonable, and more practical.

3.3 Container Conveyor System Development to Complete Set

The future direction of development is. "The whole process can be visualized" and the development of the management system is progressing toward land, sea and air transport, enhancing the resilience of logistical support, establishing military-civilian-combination, military-equipped container transport forces suitable for combat readiness, and packaged logistic replenishment systems equipped with standard handling equipment and working procedures.

3.4 Advance research. Adapt to the requirements of rapid reaction of troops

In order to meet the rapid response of the troops, the ammunition packaging system has undergone in-depth research and experiments to provide a scientific basis for modern large-scale operations.

3.5 Information technology will be widely used in ammunition packaging

With the rapid development of information technology, two-dimensional and even three-dimensional bar code, radio frequency technology and other information technology will be widely used in the field of ammunition packaging, in order to enhance the transparency of the package, improve the rapid response.

3.6 Packaging research and ammunition development more synchronized

The purpose of ammunition packaging research is not only to ensure the storage reliability, maintainability, and testability of ammunition in the non-operating state, but also the reliability, reusability, maintainability, and testability of the package itself. It is valued.

4 Conclusion

Studying the experience and lessons of ammunition packaging in developed countries abroad will help us to explore the reform and development of ammunition packaging in China and promote the overall improvement of ammunition packaging technology in China.

Source: "Packaging Project"