Basic characteristics of wood and good visual characteristics

Wood is one of the oldest materials used by humans. It is used as a material for living, tools and fuels before it is used. It is also the only renewable material in the four major materials (steel, cement, wood and plastic). And recycling biological resources. Its consumption is very large. According to statistics, the total world wood consumption in 1993 was 3.9 billion m3.

When humans came out of the forest, they began using wood. From ancient times to today's highly developed industrial technology, wood is closely related to people's needs. In prehistoric times, primitive people used sticks to defend and hunt wild beasts, and there was a nest of "wood for the nest", and the monk "fired the wood for fire"; later, a preliminary understanding of the wood properties, there were canoes and wooden carts; and later wood The application is more extensive. There are woods in the forest, and wood will always coexist with humans.

Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, human beings have used their wisdom to create many dazzling synthetic polymer materials. But so far, wood still plays a great role in human daily life. It is a treasured building, furniture and Interior decoration materials. This is because, compared with steel, plastic, cement and other materials, wood has unique color, fragrance, quality, grain and other characteristics, and the natural visual aesthetic characteristics of the wood surface is unique, with the most excellent and strongest material sense. For this reason, wood has become the favorite furniture and interior decoration materials, and the wooden environment can create a beautiful environment for human life. People can feel comfortable when they have a space where wood (or wood material) exists, and thus can also improve People's work efficiency and interest in learning improve the quality of life of human beings.

First, the basic characteristics of wood

1. Wood is a porous material. The cells, such as tracheids, catheters, and wood fibers, which make up the wood, have cell cavities, so the wood has the characteristics of a porous material. The porosity of wood has a great influence on its properties and utilization: low thermal conductivity, such as water pine roots and balsa wood can be used as warm stoppers; mechanically elastic, wood can absorb a considerable part of energy when impacted by heavy loads; easy sawing Solution and planing, with certain buoyancy; high porosity, high storage air, easy to breed decaying bacteria; suitable for anti-corrosion, drying and wood modification and chemical processing.

2. Wood is a heterogeneous material. Unlike steel, glass, etc., wood is an anisotropic material. Wood structure and properties have distinct characteristics in three directions, namely the anisotropy of wood. For example, the longitudinal electrical and thermal conductivity of wood is twice as large as the transverse direction; the longitudinal swelling is reduced to a few tenths to a few percent of the chord direction, the chord direction is twice the radial direction; and the tensile strength of the grain is 40 for the transverse pattern. Double; the compressive strength of the grain is 5 to 10 times that of the horizontal grain.

3. Wood has great variability. The variability of wood is due to the different species of trees. The axial and radial parts of the tree and trunk are different. The site conditions and forest cultivation measures are different. The wood of the trees is composed of wood structure and wood between different generations and different generations. There are differences in the nature of wood; the variability of wood makes the wood material have considerable unevenness and uncertainty, which makes wood use widely, and the material genetic improvement potential is huge, but it also brings many difficulties to processing and utilization. .

4. Wood has a series of excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, sound absorption, insulation, beautiful texture and soft color. It is the material of choice for architecture, interior decoration and furniture manufacturing.

5. Wood processing is easy and is the material with the lowest energy consumption. The harvested wood can be processed directly or processed with simple tools and low technology.

6. The wood will not rust, it is not easy to be corroded, it can contain chemical agents; when the wood is overloaded, it will not be brittle, and there will be warning sound before the damage. It is better to make pit wood; the defects are easy to see and easy to choose.

7. Wood is easily dissociated and is an important fiber raw material.

8, wood has the disadvantages; easy to shrink and swell and deformation cracking; susceptible to wood rot fungi, insects or marine life-throwing animals, discoloration, decay or erosion; flammable; with natural defects, such as knots, oil Eyes, oblique texture, should be pressed wood, should be pulled wood, etc.; dry slowly, and prone to cracking, warping, surface hardening, ulceration and other defects; can not be like metal as easy to make a wide plate. These shortcomings of wood can be avoided or minimized by reasonable drying, processing, anti-corrosion, anti-fire treatment, and necessary forest cultivation measures, and can also be processed into plywood, fiberboard, particleboard, layering, Improvements such as plastic veneers.

Second, the wood has good visual characteristics

The visual characteristics of wood mainly refer to the influence of wood color, reflection, absorption, and pattern on human physiological and psychological comfort. The wood color is centered on the orange type and has a certain distribution range. The redwood of red rosewood and rosewood and the wood of the same color after dyeing give a luxurious and deep feeling, while the wood with high brightness gives the impression of being bright, clean and beautiful. If the color is used to reduce the brightness, there will be a steady, deep, elegant impression. Wood with low chroma has a feeling of elegance, heavyness and calmness; high chroma has a sense of gorgeousness, excitement and luxury.

Wood absorbs ultraviolet light and reflects infrared rays, which can reduce the radiation hazard of ultraviolet rays to the human body, while reflecting infrared rays, giving people a warm feeling.

Wood has diffuse reflection properties and elegant luster, and wood luster refers to the brightness of light reflected onto wood. The strength of the luster is related to the tree species, the structural characteristics of the wood, the angle at which the extract and sediment light hit the board, and the cut surface of the wood. In general, wood with invading bodies, such as eucalyptus, often has a strong luster, and the wood cuts are stronger than the chord. The trees with stronger luster such as jujube, eucalyptus, maple, eucalyptus, birch, and citron have strong luster on the open or planed surface, and the color is more beautiful. The surface of the wood is made up of countless tiny cells. After the cells are cut, there are countless tiny concave mirrors. The gloss reflected by the concave mirror has the visual effect of the silk surface, which is difficult to simulate. Studies have shown that the luster of wood is directly related to the reflective properties of wood. When the incident light is parallel to the direction of the wood fiber, the amount of reflection is large; when it is perpendicular to each other, the opposite is true. Therefore, the color of wood presented from different directions is also different. This is the reason that the surface of the furniture is pasted with different textures in the direction of the thin wood. This directionality does not exist on the surface when it is veneered with wood grain paper. Therefore, wood imitation is still difficult to replace the surface effect of real wood. At the same time, the wood diffuses and reflects the stimulation of the human eye by direct light. When strong sunlight hits a building with white tiles, strong light can make people unable to open their eyes. This is because the white tile has a reflectivity of 70% to 80%, which is comfortable for the human eye. The reflectivity is 50% to 60%, and the concave mirror reflection formed by the cutting of the surface of the wood can weaken and absorb the light, and soften the dizzying light.

The wood pattern is a natural and beautiful pattern that is naturally formed, giving people a sense of movement and a natural affinity for human beings. There are two main reasons for this: First, the growth wheel of wood, no matter how it is cut, is a pattern of nearly parallel or concentric circles that do not intersect each other on the radial section and the transverse section. Such a pattern intersects the pattern at any angle. Compared, it will give people a clean, steady, beautiful, smooth, orderly, relaxed and elegant impression. Second, due to the influence of site conditions, ecological environment factors and cultivation measures, the wood pattern has different patterns of change in different parts to give people a sense of change, undulation, movement and life. The distribution of the wood between the early and late wood and the growth wheel presents a wave phenomenon (1/f spectrum), and the incoming heart beats and falls in a 1/f spectral distribution, which makes people see the wood grain pattern. You will get a kind, friendly, quiet and comfortable feeling. It can be said that the wood grain pattern is a gift from nature to human beings. It is used for interior decoration, and it is enduring for a long time.

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